Hypothyroidism is a common condition that often requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. This treatment is simple, highly effective and safe, but there are many factors to consider to achieve the best outcome.

Patients with thyroid nodules are common in clinical practice, but most nodules are benign. The key is avoiding over-investigation of benign nodules while correctly identifying the few that may be thyroid cancer.

Fractures in people with chronic kidney disease are common and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management includes nonpharmacological strategies, correction of the underlying biochemical disturbances and use of antiosteoporosis therapies.

Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for bothersome menopausal symptoms experienced by many women at midlife, with few risks and compelling evidence for short- and long-term physical and psychological health benefits.

The parents of a 5-year-old girl are concerned about her growth and the work up includes cardiac investigations. What does the ECG show?

CT coronary angiography is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that has advantages over stress testing for detecting or ruling out coronary artery disease in patients with stable chest pain.

Cardiac genetic testing has evolved rapidly, is increasingly available and is becoming part of standard clinical cardiology practice. Important practical considerations are needed before embarking on cardiac genetic testing, and interpretation of results is complex, requiring multidisciplinary input.