Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presents with nonspecific symptoms such as exertional dyspnoea and fatigue, and is challenging to diagnose. GPs can help facilitate early diagnosis and exclude alternative causes for symptoms.

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common presentation with a number of underlying causes. Distinguishing true dysphagia from other aetiologies is key to guiding further investigations, specialist referral and management.