November 2023

The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is challenging, owing to its varied, often nonspecific, clinical manifestations. The European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria are a useful diagnostic tool. Several novel therapeutics for SLE are on the horizon.

Deconditioning is common in patients who experience frailty, prolonged immobility and bed rest, injury and social isolation. Management involves a multidisciplinary team comprised of GPs, specialists and allied health professionals.

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in Western countries. Early identification and a multifaceted approach, including novel treatments developed over the past decade, can slow progression of kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes.