Abstract
Permanent methods of contraception have high efficacy but their usage is falling, which may relate to increased awareness and uptake of long-acting reversible contraception. Traditional methods – the barrier methods, fertility awareness methods, withdrawal and lactational amenorrhoea – remain valued options despite lower efficacy in typical use than modern methods. Emergency contraception has an important role in reducing the number of unintended pregnancies.
Key Points
- The use of permanent contraceptive methods is decreasing with the increasing availability and acceptability of long-acting reversible contraception.
- Barrier methods, including male and female condoms and diaphragms, require sustained motivation and correct use to be effective contraceptives.
- Condoms (male and female) offer good protection against sexually transmitted infections but use of an additional contraceptive method is usually recommended to ensure good contraceptive efficacy.
- Fertility awareness methods require an understanding of the female reproductive cycle and a commitment to daily vigilance of physical changes, signs and symptoms.
- Women wishing to avoid an unintended pregnancy should be provided with information about emergency contraception, including its mode of action and where to access it.