Inducible laryngeal obstruction often presents with overlapping and heterogeneous symptoms. Careful assessment to differentiate other respiratory conditions, individualised treatment and input from a multidisciplinary team can help optimise patient management.

Any health professional can refer patients to pulmonary rehabilitation, a comprehensive intervention for people with chronic respiratory disease. The access and uptake of this important treatment can be improved with the use of telerehabilitation.

With winter approaching and the influenza A(H3N2) subtype likely to be the dominant circulating strain, influenza vaccination in older people is particularly pertinent. Enhanced adjuvanted and high-dose vaccines that provide superior protection are available to people aged 65 years and over, with the adjuvanted vaccine provided free for this age group under the National Immunisation Program.

Identifying pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism in patients with persistent breathlessness can allow referral to an expert centre for further investigation and potentially curative treatment of this rare condition.

A proposed universal definition and classification of this complex clinical syndrome allows for a standardised international approach to diagnosis and aims to make the stages of heart failure and goals of treatment clearer for GPs.

Accurate interpretation of an athlete’s ECG is needed to ensure that underlying cardiac pathology is detected and appropriately managed and unnecessary further investigations are not pursued.