Depression and diabetes frequently coincide. This article provides a framework for holistic assessment and management in affected patients.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presents with nonspecific symptoms such as exertional dyspnoea and fatigue, and is challenging to diagnose. GPs can help facilitate early diagnosis and exclude alternative causes for symptoms.

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common presentation with a number of underlying causes. Distinguishing true dysphagia from other aetiologies is key to guiding further investigations, specialist referral and management.

Diabetic foot disease is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Annual foot screening presents an opportunity to assess cardiovascular risk, manage contributing factors and optimise glycaemic control.