Glaucoma: risk factors and impact of systemic disorders

Glaucoma is the most prevalent optic neuropathy, affecting an estimated 70 million people worldwide. The most common form of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is an asymptomatic chronic condition that progresses silently until it affects central vision in the advanced stages of the disease. At least 50% of patients with glaucoma in Europe, the USA and Australia remain undiagnosed, with rates approaching 90% in developing countries. Widespread population-based screening for glaucoma is not thought to be cost-effective or efficient. However, improved awareness of the condition and case detection through screening of high-risk individuals has been shown to be beneficial.